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来源Stephen Hawking: \'There is no heaven; it\'s a fairy story\'
译者boxi
In an exclusive interview with the Guardian, the cosmologist shares his thoughts on death, M-theory, human purpose and our chance existence
在接受卫报的专访中，这位宇宙学家与我们分享了他对死亡、M理论、人类意志及我们生存机会的思考。
Ian Sample, science correspondent
· 伊恩·桑普（Ian Sample），科学通讯记者
guardian.co.uk, Sunday 15 May 2011 22.00 BST
guardian.co.uk，2011年5月15日，星期天，22.00BST
Stephen Hawking dismisses belief in God in an exclusive interview with the Guardian. Photograph: Solar & Heliospheric Observatory/Discovery Channel
在接受卫报的专访中，斯蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）驳斥了对上帝的信仰。图片：太阳与太阳风曾探测器/探索频道
A belief that heaven or an afterlife awaits us is a "fairy story" for people afraid of death, Stephen Hawking has said.
天堂或来生守候着我们，霍金（Stephen Hawking）说了，这种信仰是对死亡恐惧的人的"童话故事"。
In a dismissal that underlines his firm rejection of religious comforts, Britain's most eminent scientist said there was nothing beyond the moment when the brain flickers for the final time.
在一次反驳中，英国最杰出的科学家强调了自己对宗教慰藉坚定的拒绝态度，他说弥留之刻大脑中闪现的东西是虚空。
Hawking, who was diagnosed with motor neurone disease at the age of 21, shares his thoughts on death, human purpose and our chance existence in an exclusive interview with the Guardian today.
在今天接受卫报的一次专访中，21岁即被诊断出患有运动神经元疾病的霍金分享了自己对死亡、人类意志以及生存机会的看法。
The incurable illness was expected to kill Hawking within a few years of its symptoms arising, an outlook that turned the young scientist to Wagner, but ultimately led him to enjoy life more, he has said, despite the cloud hanging over his future.
这种不治之症曾被认为会在出现症状的几年之内夺去霍金的生命，这样的前景让年轻的科学家向瓦格纳（Wagner）求助，他曾说，尽管自己的未来依然阴云密布，这最终却让他更好地享受生活。
"I have lived with the prospect of an early death for the last 49 years. I'm not afraid of death, but I'm in no hurry to die. I have so much I want to do first," he said.
"过去49年来，我一直都在英年早逝的预期中生活着。我不怕死，但我也还不急着想死。在死之前我还有太多的东西要做，"他说。
"I regard the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail. There is no heaven or afterlife for broken down computers; that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark," he added.
"我把大脑看成是计算机，当它的部件失效的时候就会停止工作。坏掉的电脑并没有天堂或者来生；对于害怕黑暗的人来说那是个童话故事"，他补充说。
Hawking's latest comments go beyond those laid out in his 2010 book, The Grand Design, in which he asserted that there is no need for a creator to explain the existence of the universe. The book provoked a backlash from some religious leaders, including the chief rabbi, Lord Sacks, who accused Hawking of committing an "elementary fallacy" of logic.
霍金对于超越那些东西的最新看法都摆在他2010年的新书《大设计（The Grand Design）》里面，在这本书里面，他断定宇宙的存在并不需要一位造物主来做出解释。这本书引起了某些宗教领袖的强烈不满，其中就包括首席拉比萨克斯勋爵（Lord Sacks），他指责霍金犯了一个逻辑上的"基本谬误"。
The 69-year-old physicist fell seriously ill after a lecture tour in the US in 2009 and was taken to Addenbrookes hospital in an episode that sparked grave concerns for his health. He has since returned to his Cambridge department as director of research.
2009年在美国举行了一场巡回演讲之后，这位69岁的物理学家得了重病，此间被带往阿登布鲁克（Addenbrookes）医院还引发了对其健康的严重担忧。自此以后他就返回了剑桥大学自己所在的系担任研究主任。
The physicist's remarks draw a stark line between the use of God as a metaphor and the belief in an omniscient creator whose hands guide the workings of the cosmos.
上帝是用来作为象征，还是对一位主宰宇宙运转的全能创造者的信仰，这位物理学家的言辞对此的区隔泾渭分明。
In his bestselling 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, Hawking drew on the device so beloved of Einstein, when he described what it would mean for scientists to develop a "theory of everything" – a set of equations that described every particle and force in the entire universe. "It would be the ultimate triumph of human reason – for then we should know the mind of God," he wrote.
在其1988年的最佳畅销书《时间简史》中，描述到发展"万用理论（一组描述整个宇宙的粒子与力的方程式）"对科学家来说将会意味着什么的时候，霍金使用了深受爱因斯坦喜爱的策略。"那将是人类理性的终极胜利，因为彼时我们将洞悉上帝的思想"，他写道。
The book sold a reported 9 million copies and propelled the physicist to instant stardom. His fame has led to guest roles in The Simpsons, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Red Dwarf. One of his greatest achievements in physics is a theory that describes how black holes emit radiation.
此书据报导卖出了900万本，迅即将这位物理学家推上了明星的位置。他的名声让自己在《辛普森一家》、《星际迷航：下一代》以及《红矮星号》等电影都客串了一把。他在物理上的最大成就之一，就是描述黑洞如何放射辐射的理论。
In the interview, Hawking rejected the notion of life beyond death and emphasised the need to fulfil our potential on Earth by making good use of our lives. In answer to a question on how we should live, he said, simply: "We should seek the greatest value of our action."
在此次采访中，霍金驳斥了死后有来生的观念，强调了通过充分利用我们的人生去发挥自己在地球上的潜能的需要。在回答一个有关我们应该如何生活的问题中，他很朴素地回答道："我们应该寻求自己行动的最大价值"。
In answering another, he wrote of the beauty of science, such as the exquisite double helix of DNA in biology, or the fundamental equations of physics.
在回答另一个问题时，他描述了科学之美，比如生物DNA双螺旋结构之优美，或物理基本方程的精致。
Hawking responded to questions posed by the Guardian and a reader in advance of a lecture tomorrow at the Google Zeitgeist meeting in London, in which he will address the question: "Why are we here?"
霍金回答了卫报和一位读者提出的问题，明天他将在伦敦举行的谷歌时代精神（Google Zeitgeist）会议上发表演讲，这次演讲他将会谈到一个问题："我们为什么会在这里？"
In the talk, he will argue that tiny quantum fluctuations in the very early universe became the seeds from which galaxies, stars, and ultimately human life emerged. "Science predicts that many different kinds of universe will be spontaneously created out of nothing. It is a matter of chance which we are in," he said.
在演讲中他将证明，在甚早期的宇宙中的微小量子涨落成为星系、恒星以及最终人类生命出现的起源。"科学预言许多不同类型的宇宙将会自发地从虚空中被创建出来。我们身处哪个宇宙中只是一个运气问题"，他说。
Hawking suggests that with modern space-based instruments, such as the European Space Agency's Planck mission, it may be possible to spot ancient fingerprints in the light left over from the earliest moments of the universe and work out how our own place in space came to be.
霍金提出，通过现代太空工具，如欧洲太空总署（European Space Agency）的普朗克空间计划（Planck），也许有可能在宇宙最早期留下的光线中找到远古的指纹，然后弄清楚我们自己的空间是如何形成的。
His talk will focus on M-theory, a broad mathematical framework that encompasses string theory, which is regarded by many physicists as the best hope yet of developing a theory of everything.
他的演讲将以M理论为重点，M理论是一种宽泛的涵括了弦理论的数学框架，被许多物理学家视为迄今为止发展出万物理论的最大希望。
M-theory demands a universe with 11 dimensions, including a dimension of time and the three familiar spatial dimensions. The rest are curled up too small for us to see.
M理论要求一个11维的宇宙，包括一个时间维度，以及我们熟悉的三个空间维度。剩下的卷曲得太小了以至于我们看不到。
Evidence in support of M-theory might also come from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at Cern, the European particle physics laboratory near Geneva.
日内瓦附近欧洲核子物理实验室（Cern）的大型强子对撞机（LHC）也许也可以为M理论提供证据支持。
One possibility predicted by M-theory is supersymmetry, an idea that says fundamental particles have heavy – and as yet undiscovered – twins, with curious names such as selectrons and squarks.
M理论预测的一种可能性是超对称性，这种观点认为基本粒子存在迄今尚未被发现的重型双生子，它们都有着奇怪的名字，如超对称电子（selectrons）和超对称夸克（squarks）。
Confirmation of supersymmetry would be a shot in the arm for M-theory and help physicists explain how each forces at work in the universe arose from one super-force at the dawn of time.
超对称性的证实将会成为M理论的兴奋剂，并会帮助物理学家解释，在时间的起源，宇宙中的各种作用力是如何从一种超级力中产生出来的。
Another potential discovery at the LHC, that of the elusive Higgs boson, which is thought to give mass to elementary particles, might be less welcome to Hawking, who has a long-standing bet that the long-sought entity will never be found at the laboratory.
LHC（大型强子对撞机）的另一个有可能的发现是难以捕捉的希格斯玻色子（Higgs boson），这种被认为将质量赋予了基本粒子的东西可能不那么受霍金的欢迎，后者一直打赌说，在实验室中将永远也找不到这个长期被苦苦追寻的实体。
Hawking will join other speakers at the London event, including the chancellor, George Osborne, and the Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz.
霍金将会与其他演讲者一起出席在伦敦的这次活动，包括英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本（George Osborne）以及诺贝尔奖获得者经济学家约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨（Joseph Stiglitz）。
Science, truth and beauty: Hawking's answers
科学、真理与美丽：霍金之解
What is the value in knowing "Why are we here?"
了解"为什么我们会在这里"的价值所在
The universe is governed by science. But science tells us that we can't solve the equations, directly in the abstract. We need to use the effective theory of Darwinian natural selection of those societies most likely to survive. We assign them higher value.
宇宙受科学的统治。不过科学告诉我们，不能够直接从理论上去解答方程式。我们需要利用达尔文的有效理论，对那些最有可能生存的社会做出自然选择。我们赋予其更高的价值。
You've said there is no reason to invoke God to light the blue touchpaper. Is our existence all down to luck?
你曾说过，我们没有理由祈求上帝去点燃蓝色火种。是不是说我们的存在纯粹是运气使然？
Science predicts that many different kinds of universe will be spontaneously created out of nothing. It is a matter of chance which we are in.
科学预言，许多不同类型的宇宙将会自发地从虚空中被创建出来。我们身处哪个宇宙中只是一个运气问题。
So here we are. What should we do?
好吧，我们来了。接下来该怎么办？
We should seek the greatest value of our action.
我们应该追求自己行动的最大价值。
You had a health scare and spent time in hospital in 2009. What, if anything, do you fear about death?
2009年你身体出了点问题，还住院了。如果有的话，你对死亡的恐惧是什么？
I have lived with the prospect of an early death for the last 49 years. I'm not afraid of death, but I'm in no hurry to die. I have so much I want to do first. I regard the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail. There is no heaven or afterlife for broken down computers; that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.
过去49年来，我一直都在英年早逝的预期中生活着。我不怕死，但我也还不急着想死。在死之前我还有太多的东西要做。我把大脑看成是计算机，当它的部件失效的时候就会停止工作。坏掉的电脑并没有天堂或者来生；对于害怕黑暗的人来说那是个童话故事。
What are the things you find most beautiful in science?
你所发现的科学最美的地方在哪里？
Science is beautiful when it makes simple explanations of phenomena or connections between different observations. Examples include the double helix in biology, and the fundamental equations of physics."
当它对现象或不同观测的联系做出简洁的解释的时候，科学是美丽的。例子包括生物DNA双螺旋结构之优美，或物理基本方程的精致。
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